In many bacteria glutamate is linked to tRNAGln by the same GluRS that synthesizes Glu–tRNAGlu. The resulting Glu–tRNAGln is then converted to Gln–tRNAGln by Glu–tRNAGln amidotransferase in an ATP-requiring reaction in which glutamine is the amide donor.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Most chromosomal replicons do not have a termination region like that of bacteria at which the replication forks cease movement and (presumably) dissociate from the DNA. 

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

individual replicons in eukaryotic genomes are relatively small, typically -40 kb in yeast or flies and -100 kb in animal cells.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Origins in S. cerevisiae are short A-T sequences that have an essential 11-bp sequence.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The ORC is a complex of six proteins that binds to an ARS.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Related ORC complexes are found in multicellular eukaryotes.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

an ARS for autonomously replicating sequence, ARS elements are derived from origins of replication.