One major problem is that this approach does not take species frequency of occurrence or relative abundance into account.

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#Id: 4918

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Variance Formula

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#Id: 4920

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The sample variance formula is given as

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#Id: 4923

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

A chi-squared test (symbolically represented as χ2) is basically a data analysis on the basis of observations of a random set of variables. Usually, it is a comparison of two statistical data sets.

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#Id: 4939

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The chi-square test is used to estimate how likely the observations that are made would be, by considering the assumption of the null hypothesis as true.

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#Id: 4941

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

When we consider, the null speculation is true, the sampling distribution of the test statistic is called as chi-squared distribution.

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#Id: 4943

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The chi-squared test helps to determine whether there is a notable difference between the normal frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more classes or categories.