Each nucleosome added to a covalently closed circular template changes the linking number of the associated DNA by approximately –1.2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9995

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9996

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In Wnt-Ca2+ pathway, Wnt binding to the receptor protein possibly Ryk, alone or in concert with Frizzled.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9997

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Frizzled-G protein signaling activates PLC-beta, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9998

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to modulate the function of many downstream targets.

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#Id: 9999

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Increased Ca2+ levels activates Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules such as:

Protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CamKII), Calcineurin phosphatase

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10000

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Calcineurin phosphatase, dephosphorylates and activates the transcription factor, Nuclear Factor Associated with T cells (NFAT).