Conventional vaccines consist of whole pathogenic organisms, which may either be killed or live.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 579

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

“Cryptic mutants” of lac operon make b-galactosidase but still could not grow on lactose means they are essentially Y-

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 580

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Catabolite repression is exerted through a second messenger called cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the positive regulator protein called the catabolite repressor protein (CRP), a dimer.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 581

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

CAP–cAMP complex stimulates transcription of the lac operon by binding to an activator-binding site adjacent to the promoter and helping RNA polymerase bind to the promoter.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 582

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

CAP–cAMP increases the rate of formation of the closed promoter complex, CAP–cAMP provides CPC for conversion to the open promoter complex. 

Thus, the net effect of CAP–cAMP is to increase the rate of open promoter complex formation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 583

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

CAP–cAMP binds upstream to promoters DNA and target bends the DNA considerably about 100 degrees

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 584

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Stimulation of b-galactosidase synthesis by cAMP with wild-type and mutant CAP.