n. Carotenoids, for instance, are a large class of red, yellow and orange plant pigments composed of long carbon chains with many conjugated double bonds. They contain three maxima in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum (420 nm, 450 nm, 480 nm).

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#Id: 4475

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Phase-contrast microscopy is suitable for observing single cells or thin cell layers.

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#Id: 4476

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Differential-interference-contrast (DIC) microscopy based on splitting of light into two and then recombining them to observe their interference pattern.

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#Id: 4477

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

DIC microscopy is used for visualizing extremely small details and thick objects.

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#Id: 4478

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

DIC microscopy easily defines the outlines of large organelles, such as the nucleus and vacuole.

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#Id: 4479

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Formaldehyde a common fixative, crosslinks amino groups on adjacent molecules

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#Id: 4480

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Histological samples are often stained with hematoxylin and eosin (“H&E stain”).