In statistics, the null hypothesis is usually denoted by letter H with subscript ‘0’ (zero), such that H₀ . It is pronounced as H-null or H-zero or H-nought. 36.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

MutS embraces the mismatch-containing DNA, inducing a pronounced kink in the DNA and a conformational change in MutS itself.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

MutS has an ATPase activity that is required for mismatch repair, in Escherichia coli, mismatches are detected by a dimer of the mismatch repair protein MutS.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In Escherichia coli,  the complex of MutS and the mismatch-containing DNA recruits MutL, a second protein component of the repair system. 

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In Escherichia coli MMR system, MutL, in turn, activates MutH, an enzyme that causes an incision or nick on one strand near the site of the mismatch.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Nicking is followed by the action of a specific helicase (UvrD) and one of three exonucleases.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Eukaryotic cells also repair mismatches and do so using homologs to MutS (called MSH proteins for “MutS homologs”) and MutL (called MLH and PMS