During the day, COP1 exits the nucleus, allowing the transcriptional activators to accumulate.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4536

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

In live vaccines, the virulence of pathogens is greatly reduced(attenuation).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4537

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Recombinant vaccines

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4538

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Subunit vaccines contain only specific protein from a pathogenic organism. For a virus, this protein is often the coat protein.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4539

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4540

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

For subunit vaccine, a eukaryotic cloning host is always used because the recombinant proteins produced by bacteria are nonglycosylated, and glycosylation is necessary for the proteins to be immunologically active.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4541

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The first recombinant subunit vaccine approved for use in humans (against hepatitis B) was made in yeast.