Density-dependent factors affect population size in relation to the population’s density.

Density-dependent factors down into two categories. 

Negative density dependence 

Positive density dependence (inverse density dependence

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phase III clinical trials are run in expanded volunteer populations.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Live, Attenuated Vaccines Microorganisms can be attenuated or disabled so that they lose their ability to cause significant disease but retain their capacity for transient growth within an inoculated host.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Live attenuated- Measles, Polio (Sabin vaccine), Mumps, Rubella,  Tuberculosis,  and Rotavirus

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inactivated or “Killed” Vaccines This kills the pathogen, making it incapable of replication

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inactivated or killed- Cholera, Influenza, Polio (Salk vaccine),  Hepatitis A, Rabies and Covaxin

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Subunit Vaccines

Purified macromolecules derived from the pathogen