In the CNS of mammals, most neurons are myelinated, but the cells that form the myelin are oligodendrocytes rather than Schwann cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5037

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5038

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

AT base pairs called the DNA unwinding element (DUE).

IHF (integration host factor) and FIS (factor for inversion stimulation). These two proteins were discovered as required components of certain recombination reactions.

Another DNA-binding protein, HU (a histone like bacterial protein originally dubbed factor U), also participates but does not have a specific binding site.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5039

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5040

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The single replicator 245 bp required for E. coli chromosomal replication is called oriC. Two repeated motifs are critical for oriC function.

The 9-mer motif is the binding site for the E. coli initiator, DnaA, and is repeated five times at oriC.

The 13-mer motif, repeated three times, is the initial site of ssDNA formation during initiation.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

oriC also contains 11 GATC/CTAG repeats that are methylated on adenine on both strands.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5042

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Before replication, the palindromic target GATC site is methylated by dam methylase on the N6 of A of each strand.

Replication generates hemimethylated DNA, in which one strand is methylated and one strand is unmethylated.

Thus, the replication event converts Dam target sites from fully methylated to hemimethylated condition.