A countercurrent system is a system in which the inflow runs parallel to, counter to, and in close proximity to the outflow for some distance. This occurs for both the loops of Henle and the vasa recta in the renal medulla

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2274

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

E. coli encodes several other s subunits that can replace σ 70 under certain circumstances.

a.σ 32 

b.σ 54

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2275

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The subunits of RNA Polymerases

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2276

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Template and transcript within the RNA polymerase elongating complex

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2277

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Core enzyme without the s subunit could not transcribe viral DNA, yet had no problems with highly nicked calf thymus DNA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2278

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

With s subunit, the holoenzyme worked equally well on both types of DNA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2279

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Consensus Sequences