The Species-Area Hypothesis Large areas contain more species than small areas because they can support larger populations and a greater range of habitats.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The interactions between organisms from different kingdoms consisting of three phases, referred to as a “zig‐zag‐zig” scheme

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#Id: 821

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PRR‐triggered immunity (PTI) of plant cells places selective pressures on potentially pathogenic species to suppress effector response.

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#Id: 822

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Suppression of host response is called effector‐triggered susceptibility

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

R genes recognizes effector molecules or the effects of these effectors on host proteins. This form of defense is known as R gene‐mediated defense or effector-triggered immunity

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

ETI are usually stronger than PTI and cause hypersensitive reaction or apoptosis of tissue

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#Id: 825

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Effector‐encoding genes or avirulence (Avr) genes, found in pathogen as the Pseudomonas produces AvrPto effector causes avirulence.