The holoenzyme is a complex of 900 kD that contains 10 different proteins organized into four types of subcomplex

1. Atleast two copies of the catalytic core.

2. two copies of the dimerizing subunit, t, which link the two catalytic cores together.

3. There are two copies of the clamp

4. The g complex is a group of seven proteins, encoded by five genes, that comprise the clamp loader

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

During first cleavage, GBP, Dsh, and Wnt11 are brought into the future dorsal section of the embryo Protect β-catenin

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Twin and Siamois encode homeodomain transcription factors and are expressed in the organizer

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

High β-catenin + Nodal related high + Veg T, Vg1 = Organizer 

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Nodal related low + Veg T, Vg1 = Ventral mesoderm

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The “default fate” of the ectoderm is to become neural tissue

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The ectoderm is induced to become epidermal tissue by BMPs