Mutations in MutS/L components can lead to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). A characteristic feature of HNPCC is microsatellite instability, in which the lengths (numbers of repeats) of microsatellite sequences change rapidly in the tumor cells due to the loss of the mismatch repair system to correct replication slippage in these sequences.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Cytokinin binds to the CRE1 receptors to initiate a response that culminates in the elevation of transcription of the type- BARRs/ type- A ARRs. 

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The isopentenyltransferase gene (IPT) that encodes a rate limiting enzyme in cytokinin biosynthesis, under the control of a water-deficit responsive and maturation specific promoter PSARK was introduced into cotton and the performance of the PSARK::IPT transgenic cotton plants was analyzed in the greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. 

The data indicate that PSARK::IPT-transgenic cotton plants displayed delayed senescence under water deficit conditions in the greenhouse. 

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

PSARK::IPT transgenic cotton plants produced more root and shoot biomass, dropped fewer flowers, maintained higher chlorophyll content, and higher photosynthetic rates under reduced irrigation conditions in comparison to wild-type and segregated non-transgenic lines. 

Furthermore, PSARK::IPT-transgenic cotton plants grown in growth chamber condition also displayed greater drought tolerance.  These results indicate that water-deficit induced expression of an isopentenyltransferase gene in cotton could significantly improve drought tolerance.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

KNOX genes

KNOX gene expression increases cytokinin levels in the shoot apical meristem by upregulating the cytokinin biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE7 (IPT7)