B. thuringiensis is a spore forming bacterium, which produces a crystal protein as parasporic inclusion in the vegetative cell containing the spore.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7822

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Glycoproteins can permit some invertebrates to withstand temperatures as low as –18°C without freezing. 

Antarctic fish also have glycoproteins in their blood and some species accumulate sodium, potassium, or chloride ions or urea, all of which lower the blood freezing point.

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#Id: 7983

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Increased amounts of the amino acid proline or sugars such as glucose and fructose increase solute concentration, drawing water into the cells.

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#Id: 6399

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

trp operon can run even in the presence of repressor. The attenuation system permits another 10-fold control over the operon’s activity.  Thus, the combination of repression and attenuation controls the operon over a 700-fold range, from fully inactive to fully active: (70-fold [repression] X 10-fold [attenuation] = 700-fold). 

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#Id: 6226

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The genomes of all retroviruses contain the three genes gag, pol and env.

For sustainable expression of a trangene in the successive generation of a cell line in culture, the ideal gene transfer can be obtained using 

 lentiviral vector 

adenoviral vector 

 plasmid DNA containing the transgene 

only transgenic DNA

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#Id: 1905

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Surface protein on B cell

CR2(CR21)

CD19

TAPA-1(CD81)

 mIg

Igα/ Igβ

(CD79a and CD79B)

 TLR

CD40

B7 (CD80/86)

ICAM-1

MHC-1 and 2

CD 22