EFFECTS OF TRANSLOCATIONS New linkage relations may affect gene expression. The chromosome breaks that bring about translocations may take place within a gene and disrupt its function.

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#Id: 2279

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Consensus Sequences

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Id: 2065

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Threshold characteristics display only two possible phenotypes—the trait is either present or absent.

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#Id: 5991

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Eukaryotic replication is similar in most aspects to bacterial replication. It is semiconservative, bidirectional, and semidiscontinuous.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

ThrRS has the opposite problem: It must synthesize Thr–tRNAThr but not Val–tRNAThr. Specificity is conferred by the aminoacylation site, which contains a Zn2+ ion that is coordinated by the side chain OH group of threonine. Valine cannot coordinate the Zn2+ in this way and hence does not undergo adenylylation by ThrRS.  A separate editing site deals with misacylated Ser–tRNAThr. TyrRS distinguishes between tyrosine and phenylalanine through hydrogen missing from the repertoire are GlnRS and asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS). To synthesize Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn, these organisms possess distinct glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) and aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) enzymes that are nondiscriminating (ND). GluRSND synthesizes both Glu-tRNAGlu as well as misacylated Glu-tRNAGln; AspRSND synthesizes both Asp-tRNAAsp and misacylated Asp-tRNAAsn.