Chemical regulation of stem cells takes the form of secreted proteins from surrounding cells that influence stem cell states and progenitor differentiation through endocrine, paracrine, or juxtacrine mechanisms.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5541

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The Cl – moves into the interstitium via ClC-Kb channels & Barttin, a protein in the cell membrane, is essential for normal ClC-Kb

function

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5542

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is the site of action of the powerful “loop” diuretics such as

Furosemide

Ethacrynic acid

Bumetanide 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5543

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At physiologic pH, the loop diuretics are anions that attach to the Cl−-binding site of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5544

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb has a sodium-hydrogen counter-transport

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5545

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle, paracellular reabsorption of cations, such as Mg++, Ca++, Na+, and K+ occur

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5546

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Paracellular reabsorption of cations (K+) causes slight positive charge (+8)of the tubular lumen relative to the interstitial fluid