Two additional proteins and two histone deacetylase enzymes (HDA6 and HDA19) act as co-repressors along with the JAZ–COI1 complex and are instrumental in maintaining the chromatin in an inactive state.

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#Id: 7969

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Biogeochemical cycles can be divided into two broad types:

Local cycles, which involve elements with no atmospheric mechanism for long-distance transfer. Ex- The phosphorus cycle

Global cycles, which involve an interchange between the atmosphere and the ecosystem. Ex- The carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Water

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10269

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Flooding enhances Ethylene entrapment and biosynthesis, followed by a decrease in ABA concentration and an increase in responsiveness to the hormone gibberellin (GA)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6658

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In the nucleus, the cap is recognized and bound by the cap binding CBP20/80 heterodimer. This binding event stimulates splicing of the first intron and, via a direct interaction with the mRNA export machinery (TREX complex), facilitates mRNA export out of the nucleus. Once reaching the cytoplasm, a different set of proteins (eIF4F) binds the cap to initiate translation of the mRNA in the cytoplasm.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3700

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Deletions in two genes, neither of which is lethal by itself, are introduced into the same strain. If the double mutant dies, the strain is called a synthetic lethal. This technique has been used to great effect with yeast, where the isolation of double mutants can be automated. The procedure is called synthetic genetic array analysis (SGA)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5886

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The DNA polymerase monitors the ability of the incoming nucleotide to form an A:T or G:C base pair, rather than detecting the exact nucleotide that enters the active site in a DNA polymerase with significantly reduced discrimination

between dNTPs and rNTPs.