C2 oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle requires the participation of three organelles—chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5207

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Antithrombin III is a circulating protease inhibitor that binds to serine proteases in the coagulation system, blocking their activity as clotting factors.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5208

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The endothelium of the blood vessels also plays an active role in preventing the extension of clots. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5209

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

All endothelial cells except those in the cerebral microcirculation produce thrombomodulin,  a thrombin-binding protein, on their surfaces.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5210

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In circulating blood, thrombin is a procoagulant that activates factors V and VIII, but when it binds to thrombomodulin, it becomes an anticoagulant in that the thrombomodulin–thrombin complex activates protein C.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5211

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Activated protein C (APC), along with its cofactor protein S, inactivates factors V and VIII and inactivates an inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator, increasing the formation of plasmin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5212

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Plasmin (fibrinolysin) is the active component of the plasminogen (fibrinolytic) system.