For stalk and spore maturation, cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclase R (ACR)

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#Id: 9871

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The UVR8- COP1-SPA complex then activates the transcription of the major transcription factor HY5, which controls the expression of many of the genes induced by UV-B.

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#Id: 91

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Autonomously specified cells capable of differentiating autonomously (i.e., by itself) when placed in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.

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#Id: 9516

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The xylem‐colonizing bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is transmitted by various species of Homalodisca in the family Cicadellidae.

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#Id: 4802

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Standard Deviation:

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#Id: 9930

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Variation in Influenza Strains

Antigenic variation in HA and NA is generated by

Antigenic drift involves a series of spontaneous point mutations that occur gradually.

Antigenic shift results in the sudden emergence of a new subtype of influenza.