The mechanism for the import of cytoplasmic cargo proteins mediated by a nuclear transport receptor known as importin.

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#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Spontaneous (or instantaneous) dipoles

When groups of electrons move to one end of the atom, it creates a dipole. 

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#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Dipole-Dipole interactions occur between molecules that have permanent dipoles; these molecules are also referred to as polar molecules.

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#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Potential energy of Dipole-Dipole Interaction

V is the potential energy

μ is the dipole moment

ϵo is the vacuum permittivity.

R is the length between the two nuclei

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#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The negative sign indicates that energy is released out of the system, because energy is released when bonds are formed, even weak bonds.

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#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The negative sign also suggests that the interaction is driven by an attractive force.

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#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Induced Dipoles