In arid conditions, RWC values of less than 50% cause most plants to die

whereas values closer to 100% indicate plants are less affected by drought stress.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7904

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7905

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Mitophagy provides Mitochondrial Quality Control

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7906

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

When the environment of a cell has inadequate oxygen, enzymatic modification of proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane induces mitophagy.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7907

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Parkinson’s disease is caused by mutations in two gene encoding proteins that can mediate mitophagy:

PINK1 (a kinase)

Parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7908

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In healthy mitochondria, PINK1 resides in the mitochondrial matrix.

In damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, PINK1 resides on the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it recruits cytosolic Parkin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7909

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Membrane contact sites (MCSs)

Mitochondria establish MCSs with many other organelles, including ER, lysosomes, peroxisomes, the plasma membrane, the Golgi, endosomes, and even lipid droplets.