Isoleucine and Threonine have two chiral carbons so exists in multiple RS configuration.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2667

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At physiologic pH, the loop diuretics are anions that attach to the 

Cl−-binding site of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter.

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2668

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At maximal dosages, loop diuretics completely inhibit

NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb (cause excretion of as much as 25% of the filtered Na+).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2669

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb has a sodium-hydrogen counter-transport.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2670

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle, paracellular reabsorption of cations, such as Mg++, Ca++, Na+, and K+ occur.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2671

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Paracellular reabsorption of cations causes slight positive charge of the tubular lumen relative to the interstitial fluid.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2672

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A slight backleak of potassium ions into the lumen, creating a positive charge of about +8 millivolts in the tubular lumen.