C-terminal peroxisomal signal sequences Ser–Lys–Leu (PTS1)

N-terminal peroxisomal signal sequences slightly longer and partially hydrophobic (PTS2)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2726

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Scorable reporter genes

The gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) isolated from the jellyfish (Aequorea victoria) has emerged as a very useful scorable marker, and it does not require addition of any substrate, cofactor.

Gene uidA encodes the enzyme β-glucourinidase, which acts on the substrate X-gluc (5-Br-4 Cl-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide). The substrate is cleaved by the enzyme within plant cells (transformed/transgenic), and the product is converted into an insoluble blue precipitate at the site of enzyme activity.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2727

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Selectable reporter genes

Selectable marker genes include those conferring resistance to methotrexate (dhfr, isolated from Tn7 or plasmid R67); the antibiotics kanamycin (nptII, encoding neomycin phosphotransfcrase) and hygromycin (hptIV, encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase, .isolated from E. coli);

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2728

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Which one of the following can be used as a selection marker for developing transgenic plants?

green fluorescent protein

β-glucuronidase

β-galactosidase

hygromycin phosphotransferase

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2729

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

 Golden rice

The transgenic rice, popularly called "golden rice" contains good quantities of carotene, which gives the grains a golden colour. In one transgenic line, the β-carotene content was as high as 85% of the total carotenoids present in the grain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2730

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2731

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Bioplastic

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), e.g., po1yhydroxybutyrate (PHB), are synthesized from Acetyl co.A used as precursor, and are used for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics with thermoplastic properties. 

At present, PHAs are produced by bacterial fermentation based on Ralstonia eutropha.