Autophagy occurs in the following sequence of steps:

Induction by activation of mTOR complex 1

• Nucleation of autophagosome formation by ATG9

• Closure of the membrane cup to form autophagosome

• Fusion of the autophagosome with lysosomes, catalyzed by SNAREs.

• Digestion of the inner membrane and the lumenal contents of the autophagosome

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 898

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Terminal transferase (TdT) Adds homopolymer tails to the 3’end of DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4477

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

DIC microscopy is used for visualizing extremely small details and thick objects.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6790

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The miRNAs used in RNAi are produced as large RNA primary transcripts called pri-miRNA that are self-complementary and can automatically fold into a double-strand hairpin structure.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9814

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The PHYA gene is transcriptionally active in dark-grown seedlings, but its expression is strongly inhibited in the light in monocots.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9314

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

3 or 4 cGMP molecules must bind to each channel in order to open it; because of this cooperative allosteric interaction, channel opening is very sensitive to small changes in cGMP levels.