The dissolution of nonpolar molecules in water is unfavourable because of the large decrease in entropy resulting from clathrate formation, even though the process is exothermic (dH < 0) But unfavourable dG > 0.

  

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Attenuator riboswitch (Leader sequence) is made up of almost 140 nt which further can be divided into four Intra -complementary regions 

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

A variation on the run-off theme of quantifying accurate transcription in vitro is the G-less cassette assay.

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Major genes affecting segmentation pattern 

1.Gap genes                 2. Pair rule genes(primary)           3. Segment polarity genes      

Kruppel (Kr)                    hairy(h)                                             engrailed (en)

knirps (kni)                      even skipped(eve)                           wingless (wg)

hunchback (hb)              runt(run)                                           cubitus interruptus(ci) 

giant (gt)                          Pair rule genes (secondary)           hedgehog(hh)

tailless (til)                       fushi tarazu (ftz)                              fused (fu)

huckebein (hkb)              odd paired (opa)                             armadillo (arm)

buttonhead (btd)            odd skipped (odd)                          patched (ptc)

empty spiracles (ems)    sloppy paired (slp)                          gooseberry (gsb)

orthodenticle (otd)         paired (prd)                                      pangolin (pan