Interdependent communities Communities in which species depend on each other to exist.

Independent communities Communities in which species do not depend on each other to exist. 

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Stabilization of fibrin is catalyzed by activated factor XIII and Ca2

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The extrinsic pathway is inhibited by a tissue factor pathway inhibitor that forms a quaternary structure with tissue thromboplastin (TPL), factor VIIa, and factor Xa.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Hemophilia A, is caused by factor VIII deficiency.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

von Willebrand factor deficiency likewise causes a bleeding disorder (von Willebrand disease) by reducing platelet adhesion and by lowering plasma factor VIII

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), is caused by factor IX deficiency.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Anticlotting mechanisms  The tendency of blood to clot is balanced in vivo by reactions that prevent clotting inside the blood vessels, break down any clots that 

do form, or both.