When PSII receives more light than PSI, plastoquinone becomes predominantly reduced, resulting in activation of the LHCII kinase. The kinase phosphorylates LHCII, resulting in migration of LHCII away from the granal region where it can associate with PSI, thereby adjusting the relative excitation of PSII and PSI.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9893

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Toll-Like Receptors Recognize Many Types of Pathogen Molecules - Vertebrate Toll-like receptors  are dimers of chains with extracellular leucine-rich (LRR) domains that bind PAMPs and DAMPs. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9894

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9895

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9896

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9897

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C-type lectin receptor (CLR)

CLRs are plasma membrane receptors and generally recognize carbohydrate components of fungi, mycobacteria, viruses, parasites, and some allergens.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9898

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) are soluble PRRs that reside in the cytosol of many cell types.