In plants, various nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) processes act as safety valves for photosynthesis that dissipate excess absorbed light energy harmlessly as heat

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

During the night, COP1 enters the nucleus with the help of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN).

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

During the day, COP1 exits the nucleus, allowing the transcriptional activators to accumulate.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Bacterial phytochrome is an example of a two-component signaling system in which phytochrome functions as a sensor protein that phosphorylates a response regulator.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Plant phytochrome is an autophosphorylating serine/threonine kinase that may phosphorylate other proteins (X).

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The gene that encodes the MYB-related protein is therefore probably a primary response gene, and the LHCB gene itself is probably a secondary response gene.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

MYB-related protein, now known as circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1), also plays a role in the circadian regulation of LHCB gene expression.