Genetic exchange also happens between distantly related organisms by horizontal gene transfer, or HGT.

HGT is particularly important to prokarytotes and is the most common way by which they acquire new genes.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Chromothripsis

entire chromosomes or large parts of chromosomes are shattered and stitched together, leading to dozens or sometimes even hundreds of rearrangements

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Warburg effect

Cancer cells and proliferating cells convert most glucose to lactate regardless of whether oxygen is present or not. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Warburg effect

The production of lactate in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic glycolysis

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cancer- specific metabolite

2-Hydroxyglutarate produce by mutated IDH

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Angiogenesis

The developmental process for the formation of blood vessels that are needed to supply nutrients to a growing tumor