Genetic exchange also happens between distantly related organisms by horizontal gene transfer, or HGT.

HGT is particularly important to prokarytotes and is the most common way by which they acquire new genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8537

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Augmin-induced branches help build the spindle during mitosis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8538

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Microtubules can be stabilized by side-binding microtubule associated proteins (MAPs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8539

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The short (∼20 amino acid) C-terminal tails of both α- and β-tubulin that protrude from the microtubule are enriched in glutamic and aspartic acids, the surface of the microtubule possesses a net negative charge.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8540

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Dynein-related transport requires dynactin, that links dynein to its cargo

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8572

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Soft keratins, or cytokeratins, are found in epithelial cells and make up the skin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8573

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In all epithelia, keratin filaments associate with: Desmosomes (cell–cell contact)

Hemidesmosomes (cell–matrix contact)