If the duplicate is redundant and does not provide a fitness benefit, it will be lost by deletion or the accumulation of loss of-function mutations.

A second fate is that a duplicate can simply retain its original function.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3315

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Through Alternative Mechanisms, transfer electrons from unneeded NADH directly to ubiquinone to O2, bypassing Complexes III and IV and their proton pumps, through this process the energy in NADH is dissipated as heat.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3986

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Addition of a topoisomerase greatly facilitates nucleosome association with cccDNA.

When a topoisomerase is present during nucleosome assembly, it cannot act on the DNA bound to the nucleosome. Instead, the topoisomerase relaxes the DNA not included in nucleosomes, reducing the positive superhelical density in these regions by decreasing the linking number.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6397

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Why is this extra control of two layers on trp operon needed?  The answer probably lies in the fact that repression of the trp operon is weak—much weaker.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6840

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Broad - sense heritability

H2 = VG/VP 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7545

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

GAI and RGA proteins normally act as repressors of gibberellin responses. Gibberellin acts indirectly through an unidentified signaling intermediate, which is thought to bind to the regulatory domains of the GAI and RGA Proteins.