Nonsynonymous mutations, on the other hand, alter the amino acid sequence of the protein and in many cases are detrimental to the fitness of the organism, so most of these mutations are eliminated by natural selection.

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#Id: 170

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

BMP4 

A protein that is received by the lens cells and induces the production of the Sox transcription factors.

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#Id: 171

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

FGF8 

A secreted signal that is received by the lens cells and induces the production of the L-Maf transcription factor.

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#Id: 172

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Combination of Pax6, Sox2, and L-Maf in the ectoderm is needed for the production of the lens and the activation of lens-specific genes i.e. δ-crystallin.

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#Id: 173

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

If Pax6 is lost (fruit flies, frogs, rats, humans) complete loss or reduction of the eyes

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#Id: 174

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Two major modes of inductive interaction:

 Instructive interaction

 Permissive interaction

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#Id: 175

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In instructive interaction, 

a signal from the inducing cell is necessary for initiating new gene expression in the responding cell.