The activated β2-adrenergic receptor induces GDP-->GTP exchange on a stimulatory G protein (Gs).

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells near the basal lamina form a blood–testis barrier

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Sertoli cells secrete 

Androgenbinding protein (ABP), inhibin, and MIS

The fluid in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules is quite different from plasma; it contains very little protein and glucose but is rich in androgens, estrogens, K+ , inositol, glutamic and aspartic acids.  Maintenance of its composition depends on the blood–testis barrier.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

During adolescence, Spermatogonia, mature into primary spermatocytes 

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The membranes of late spermatids and spermatozoa contain a special small form of angiotensin converting enzyme called germinal angiotensin converting enzyme (gACE)

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Hormonal factors that stimulate spermatogenesis:

Testosterone

Luteinizing hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Estrogens

Growth hormone