Type III/Type IV secretion systems play a major role in transfer of bacterial Nod factor in plant cell. 

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#Id: 7585

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The influx of bicarbonate ions (and possibly other ions) alkalinizes the sperm, raising its pH. This will be critical in the subsequent activation of calcium channels

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#Id: 530

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

A gene family is defined as a group of genes that encode related or identical products as a result of gene-duplication events.

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#Id: 7130

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Strigolactones are perceived by a protein complex containing an a-/b-fold hydrolase protein and an F-box protein (D14 and MAX2, respectively)

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#Id: 8889

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Centrosomes contain γ tubulin, which forms specific ringlike complexes (γ TuRCs) that, have the ability to nucleate microtubules and form a bipolar spindle

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#Id: 6881

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

This mechanism is a key feature of Polycomb repression, which is maintained through successive cell divisions for the life of an organism (~100 years for some vertebrates, 2000 years for a sugar cone pine!)