TGF-β is synthesized with a, 

250-residue N-terminal prodomain

∼110-residue C-terminal TGF-β domain

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3173

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The two replication forks meet and halt in a region approximately halfway around the chromosome from the origin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3174

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

 In E. coli, two clusters of five ter sites each, including terk, -I, -E, -D, and -A on one side and terC, -B, -F, -G, and -H on the other, are located -100 kb on either side of this termination region.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3175

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Each set of ter sites allows a replication fork into the termination region, but does not allow it out the other side.For example, replication fork 1 can pass through terC and terB into the region, but it cannot continue past terE, -D, and -A. This arrangement creates a "replication fork trap."

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3176

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

 mtDNA replication and segregation to daughter mitochondria is stochastic.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3177

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Mitochondrial segregation to daughter cells is also stochastic.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3178

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

When there are mtDNAs with allelic variations in the same cell, called heteroplasmy (either because of inheritance from different parents or because of mutation).