The cytokines form a family of relatively small, secreted signaling molecules:

Contain about 160–200 AA

4 long, conserved α helices

Control growth and differentiation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5006

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Continuous far-red light absorbed by PfrB prevents this stimulation by reducing the amount of PfrB.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9682

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PTEN can remove phosphate groups attached to serine,

threonine, and tyrosine residues in proteins, its ability to

remove the 3-phosphate from PI(3,4,5)P3 is its major function in cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2560

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Genetic engineering has introduced site-specific mutations that enhance fluorescence intensity and shift the wavelength of the emitted light to different colors, thereby making it possible to simultaneously monitor the expression of two or more different genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8484

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The trans form is the more favoured state because in this arrangement repulsion between non-bonded atoms connected to the Cα centre are minimized. 

For most peptide bonds the ratio of cis to trans configurations is approximately 1:1000.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 868

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

PCR amplification is mathematically counted as 2n So 10 cycle leads to 1024 times amplification