Xanthomonas, produces TAL (transcription activator‐like) effectors contribute to disease formation or trigger defense by binding host DNA and activating effector‐specific host genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7420

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

one of Antennapedia’s functions is to repress the genes that would trigger antenna and eye development.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7421

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

when flies have a mutation wherein the Antennapedia gene is expressed in the head (as well as in the thorax), legs rather than antennae grow out of the head sockets

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7422

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In the recessive mutant of Antennapedia, the gene fails to be expressed in the second thoracic segment, and antennae sprout in the leg positions

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7423

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Dictyostelia (social amoebas) solitary haploid amoebae live on decaying logs, eating bacteria and reproducing by binary fission.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7424

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Dictyostelium can utilize one of three survival strategies when food starvation-

 Microcyst formation, favoured in dark & wet conditions, or ammonia levels are high.

 Zygote formation, favoured in dark & wet conditions, & is triggered by ethylene produced by the cells. 

Cell aggregation & differentiation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7425

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Cell Aggregation & Differentiation is common to all Dictyostelids. It consists of an interconnected programme of cell movement and cell differentiation.