In Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the acrosome reaction is initiated by a repeating polymer of fucose sulfate.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3357

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Oligomycin and Venturicidin, toxic antibiotics that bind to the ATP synthase are potent inhibitors of both ATP synthesis and the transfer of electrons through the chain of carriers to O2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3358

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Chemical uncouplers include 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) . After entering the matrix in the protonated form, they can release a proton, thus dissipating the proton gradient.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3360

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The number of protons that must be transferred to produce one complete rotation of the c ring is equal to the number of c subunits in the ring.

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#Id: 3362

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The rate of rotation in intact mitochondria has been estimated at about 6,000 rpm—100 rotations per second

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7257

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7258

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The rate of CO2 fixation increases with time in the first few minutes after the onset of illumination—a time lag called the induction period