In the amphibian embryo, C3a functions as a short-range chemoattractant to guide epiboly in ectodermal cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5214

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Plasmin is formed from its inactive precursor, plasminogen, by the action of thrombin and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5215

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Plasminogen is converted to active plasmin when t-PA hydrolyzes the bond between Arg 560 and Val 561. plasmin also activated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5216

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Vitamin K, is a necessary cofactor for the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid residues to γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5217

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Anticoagulants dicumarol and warfarin inhibit the action of vitamin K.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5218

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In vivo, a plasma Ca 2+ level low enough to interfere with blood clotting is incompatible with life. In vitro, clotting can be prevented if Ca 2+ is removed from the blood by the addition of substances such as oxalates or chelating agents.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3959

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The heart consists of two kinds of muscle cells: 

Contractile cells 

Conducting cells