Many plants release a specific bouquet of volatile organic compounds when attacked by insect herbivores. These volatiles can consist of compounds from all major pathways for secondary metabolites including terpenoids (mono- and sesquiterpenes), alkaloids (indole), and phenylpropanes (methyl salicylate), as well as green-leaf volatiles. 

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Once bound to Pol II, Ptefb phosphorylates the serine residue at position 2 of the CTD repeats. That phosphorylation event correlates with elongation. In addition, P-TEFb phosphorylates and thereby activates another protein, called SPT5, itself an elongation factor. Finally, TAT-SF1, yet another elongation factor, is recruited by P-TEFb. Thus, P-TEFb stimulates elongation in three separate ways.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

#Id: 2101

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In molecules, two types of excited states can exist;
a) The singlet state is relatively short‐lived and contains electrons with opposite (antiparallel) spins.
b) The more long‐lived triplet state has electron spins that are aligned (parallel).

#Id: 852

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Xanthomonas oryzae secretes a highly conserved sulfated peptide called Ax21, which mediates quorum sensing by controlling Xanthomonas motility, biofilm formation, and virulence.