Many plants release a specific bouquet of volatile organic compounds when attacked by insect herbivores. These volatiles can consist of compounds from all major pathways for secondary metabolites including terpenoids (mono- and sesquiterpenes), alkaloids (indole), and phenylpropanes (methyl salicylate), as well as green-leaf volatiles. 

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#Id: 5341

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Agents that increase contractility have a Positive inotropic effect.

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#Id: 5342

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Agents that decrease contractility have a Negative inotropic effect.

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#Id: 3135

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Important quantitation of lung function can be gleaned from the displacement of air volume during inspiration and expiration.

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#Id: 3136

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Volumes and capacities of the lung are measured with a spirometer.

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#Id: 3137

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A spirogram indicating changes in lung volume under different conditions of breathing.

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#Id: 3138

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

There are four pulmonary lung volumes:

1. Tidal volume
2. Inspiratory reserve volume
3. Expiratory reserve volume
4. Residual volume