NOD1 also provides protection against the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma  cruzi,

NOD2 activates responses to some viruses, including influenza.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9369

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Negative regulators of TGF-β signaling are induced by TGF-β signaling (Example of Negative feedback): 

Ski 

SnoN 

I-Smads (Smad7)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1577

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

β-catenin binds to TCF to displace the Gro repressor and recruits co-activator proteins Pygo, LGS, to activate target gene expression.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8838

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The biosynthesis of chlorophylls and heme begins with the synthesis of δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from glutamic acid. 

Two molecules of ALA react to yield porphobilinogen (PBG). 

Four molecules of PBG form the ring structure of protoporphyrin IX, the common branch point for the synthesis of heme and chlorophyll. 

To make chlorophyll, a magnesium chelatase inserts Mg into the protoporphyrin IX ring

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4315

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The Forces of Evolution: 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10251

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR‐related (PYL)/regulatory

component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family) have ABA‐binding activity