#Question id: 40418
#Applied Microbiology
Assertion (A) : The net gain of ATP during glycolysis is only 2 ATP, even though 4 ATP molecules are actually produced.
Reason (R): Two molecules of ATP are consumed during the preparatory phase of glycolysis to phosphorylate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate.
#Question id: 40419
#Applied Microbiology
Match the metabolic stage (Column I) with the correct ATP/Reduced Coenzyme yield per glucose molecule (Column II).
| Column I (Metabolic Stage) | Column II (Yield per Glucose) |
|---|---|
| P. Glycolysis (Net) | 1. 2 GTP + 6 NADH + 2 FADH₂ |
| Q. Pyruvate Decarboxylation | 2. 2 ATP + 2 NADH |
| R. Citric Acid Cycle | 3. 2 NADH + 2 CO₂ |
#Question id: 40420
#Applied Microbiology
A point mutation occurs in a DNA sequence, changing the codon UAC (Tyrosine) to UAA (Stop). This specific type of mutation is classified as:
#Question id: 40421
#Applied Microbiology
Consider the following statements regarding mutations:
A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Missense mutations always result in the complete loss of protein function.
Frameshift mutations typically occur due to the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in numbers not divisible by three.
#Question id: 40422
#Applied Microbiology
Assertion (A): Sickle cell anemia is a classic example of a missense mutation.
Reason (R): In the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin, a single nucleotide substitution results in the replacement of Glutamic acid by Valine at the sixth position
#Question id: 40423
#Applied Microbiology
Match the mutation type in Column I with its primary effect in Column II.
| Column I (Mutation Type) | Column II (Effect) |
| P. Nonsense | 1. Single amino acid change in the polypeptide. |
| Q. Frameshift | 2. Premature termination of translation. |
| R. Missense | 3. Alteration of the reading frame for all downstream codons. |
| S. Silent | 4. No change in the primary structure of the protein. |