Column A (Method)	Column B (Material to Sterilize)
1. Surface Sterilization	A. Heat labile growth regulators (GA, Zeatin)
2. Filter Sterilization	B. Glassware and Teflon plastic ware
3. Dry Heat	C. Plant materials (explants, ovules)
4. Wiping with 70% Ethanol	D. Hands of operator and cabinet platform

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 37962

#Plant Biotechnology

Once responsive pollen becomes multicellular and bursts to release a cell mass, what determines whether it forms a globular embryo or a callus? 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 37963

#Plant Biotechnology

In cereal species like rice, wheat, rye, and maize, how can the formation of embryos or calli be specifically induced? 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 37964

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): The suppression of 'late' pollen maturation genes is a critical step for successful androgenesis. 

Reason (R): The expression of these 'late' genes promotes the normal gametophytic pathway, preventing the switch to embryogenesis.

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 37965

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): During the induction phase of pollen culture, total protein synthesis is completely halted. 

Reason (R): Existing proteins are suppressed, and new proteins like napin (in Brassica napus) are synthesized.

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 37966

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): Commitment to androgenesis is achieved primarily by the abolition of pollen maturation gene expression. 

Reason (R): During induction, several hundred genes are upregulated or downregulated to facilitate the developmental switch

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 37967

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): Responsive pollen in culture always develops directly into a globular embryo. 

Reason (R): The developmental fate (embryo vs. callus) depends on the plant species.

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