#Question id: 40421
#Applied Microbiology
Consider the following statements regarding mutations:
A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Missense mutations always result in the complete loss of protein function.
Frameshift mutations typically occur due to the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in numbers not divisible by three.
#Question id: 40422
#Applied Microbiology
Assertion (A): Sickle cell anemia is a classic example of a missense mutation.
Reason (R): In the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin, a single nucleotide substitution results in the replacement of Glutamic acid by Valine at the sixth position
#Question id: 40423
#Applied Microbiology
Match the mutation type in Column I with its primary effect in Column II.
| Column I (Mutation Type) | Column II (Effect) |
| P. Nonsense | 1. Single amino acid change in the polypeptide. |
| Q. Frameshift | 2. Premature termination of translation. |
| R. Missense | 3. Alteration of the reading frame for all downstream codons. |
| S. Silent | 4. No change in the primary structure of the protein. |
#Question id: 40424
#Applied Microbiology
Which of the following components must a yeast-bacterial shuttle vector possess to be functional in both hosts?
#Question id: 40425
#Applied Microbiology
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: A shuttle vector is designed to allow the cloning of a gene in E. coli and its subsequent expression in a eukaryotic cell.
Statement II: pBR322 is a classic example of a shuttle vector because it can replicate in both animals and bacteria.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
#Question id: 40426
#Applied Microbiology
Assertion (A): Shuttle vectors are naturally occurring plasmids found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Reason (R): They contain two origins of replication, enabling them to replicate in two different host organisms
Choose the correct option: