We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons—for example, 2p+, 2n0, 2e- for helium. Which of the following represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38745

#Plant Biotechnology

Q: Assertion (A): An osmoticum must be added to the medium during the isolation of protoplasts.

Reason (R): Protoplasts lack a cell wall and are prone to bursting without osmotic stabilization.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38747

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion (A): Co-culturing is a vital technique for the regeneration of recalcitrant protoplasts. 

Reason (R): Fast-growing protoplasts in the medium secrete diffusible substances that stimulate cell wall synthesis in neighboring cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38748

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion (A): In a co-culture system, the two types of protoplasts must be in direct physical contact to exchange nutrients.

 Reason (R): Growth factors provided by "nurse" cells are diffusible and can move through the liquid or semi-solid culture medium.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38749

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion (A): Protoplasts are initially fragile and cannot undergo mitosis immediately after isolation. 

Reason (R): The enzymatic degradation of the cell wall during isolation removes the structural constraint required for organized cell division.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38751

#Plant Biotechnology

Q.Assertion (A): Fast-growing protoplasts act as a "feeder layer" in co-culture experiments. 

Reason (R): They compete with slow-growing protoplasts for limited carbon sources, thereby forcing the slow-growing cells to adapt faster.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 38753

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Which staining method is used specifically to detect the onset of cell wall formation in cultured protoplasts?