Negative costimulation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8135

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The Golgi consists of four functionally distinct regions:

a. Cis compartments

b. Medial compartments

c. Trans compartments

d. Trans-Golgi network

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7967

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Hydrolysis of the bound GTP accompanies disassembly of the SRP and SRP receptor and initiates transfer of the nascent chain and ribosome to a site on the ER membrane, where translocation can take place.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7966

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Binding of BiP to the luminal domain of monomeric Ire1 prevents formation of the Ire1 dimer.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7965

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Unassembled or misfolded proteins in the ER are often transported back to the cytosol, where they are degraded in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7964

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Emphysema caused by a point mutation in -antitrypsin, which is normally secreted by hepatocytes and macrophages.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7963

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A hereditary form of emphysema illustrates the detrimental effects that can result from misfolding of proteins in the ER.