Molecules are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2236

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Highest rates of substitutions in regions of the gene that have the least effect on function, such as the third position of a codon, flanking regions, and introns.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2237

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Neutral selection (Ka/Ks = 1)

Positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1)

Purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8968

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8969

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The amount of genetic variation by examining phenotypic variation was difficult because many traits, a complex interaction of many genes and environmental factors determines the phenotype

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2240

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The neutral-mutation hypothesis proposes that most molecular variation is neutral with regard to natural selection and is shaped largely by mutation and genetic drift.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8971

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The Death of a Gene

When a gene is duplicated, the new copy is often dead-on arrival (lacks the regulatory elements).