Signal sequences

contain one or more positively charged amino acids adjacent to a continuous stretch of 6–12 hydrophobic residues (known as the hydrophobic core)

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Plant genes expressed early, or in the absence of bacterial infection, are termed “early nodulins” or ENOD

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Three factors are important in maintaining low O2 concentrations in nodules. 

First, entry of O2 into the nodule is controlled by a variable‐permeability barrier in the nodule parenchyma

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O2‐binding plant protein Lb plays an active role in regulating and delivering O2 in the infected cells

Bacterial respiration is the major O2 sink

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O2‐sensitive hemoprotein kinase FixL controls a regulatory cascade that activates transcription of nitrogen fixation genes

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Plant glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH‐dependent glutamate synthase (NADH‐GOGAT) are responsible for the initial massimilation of ammonia into organic compounds

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