β-Carotene is the precursor of vitamin A1.
Oxidation at C-15 converts retinol to the aldehyde, retinal, and further oxidation produces retinoic acid, a hormone that regulates gene expression. 

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#Id: 9172

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Migration

Change in the allelic frequencies is the influx of genes from other populations, commonly called migration or gene flow

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#Id: 9173

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

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#Id: 9174

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The overall effect of migration is twofold: 

1.it prevents populations from becoming genetically different from one another, 

2.it increases genetic variation within populations.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Amount of change in allelic frequency due to migration

m= proportional of migratory individual in  recipient population

qI – frequency of allele in source population  

qII – frequency of allele in recipient population

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#Id: 9176

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Adaptation is a characteristic that enhances the survival or reproduction of organisms .

Adaptations have evolved by natural selection, which is the centerpiece of On the Origin of Species

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#Id: 9177

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Adaptation has costly side effects