Soluble ER-resident proteins contain C-terminal KDEL sorting signal that allows them to be retrieved. 

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Artificial selection- Genetically improving animals and plants by breeding together the best individuals in their fields and flocks.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Types of selection

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The allelic frequency at equilibrium (qˆ) depends on the relative fitnesses (usually expressed as selection coefficients) of the two homozygotes:

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Hitchhiking

An important consequence of linkage disequilibrium is hitchhiking. This happens when an allele at  one locus spreads by natural selection acting on a second locus that is in linkage disequilibrium with  the first.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Type of natural selection

1. Stabilized natural selection

2. Directional Natural selection

3. Disruptive Natural selection

4. Balance natural selection