One is unequal crossing over, in which recombination happens between different positions on chromosomes that are misaligned during meiosis. 

Another is replication slippage, in which the DNA polymerase loses its place and copies a segment of chromosome twice.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Section 2: General Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Section 2: General Biology

T-dependent response

Recognition of protein antigens and requires the participation of CD4 helper T cells

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Section 2: General Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Section 2: General Biology

Plasma cell decision point

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10361

#Section 2: General Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10362

#Section 2: General Biology

T-independent response

Type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigens bind to B cells through both Ig and innate immune receptors. LPS from Gram negative organisms binds to B cells via both mIg and TLR, resulting in signaling from both receptors.